Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also called sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections that spread primarily through sexual contact. STDs can result from bacteria, viruses, or parasites and can affect various parts of the body, most commonly the reproductive organs, mouth, or rectum. The impact of STDs can range from mild discomfort to serious health complications, including infertility, cancer, and even death. Understanding the types, symptoms, causes, and prevention of STDs is essential for anyone aiming to avoid or treat these infections.
Common STDs:
Symptoms of STDs:
While symptoms vary depending on the specific infection, common signs of STDs include:
Some STDs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, are often asymptomatic, particularly in women, which makes regular testing crucial for sexually active individuals.
Transmission of STDs:
STDs are transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sexual contact. Some STDs, like HIV and hepatitis B, can also be transmitted through non-sexual means, such as sharing needles or from mother to child during childbirth. The use of condoms can significantly reduce, but not completely eliminate, the risk of transmission.
Prevention of STDs:
Treatment of STDs:
Long-term Complications of Untreated STDs:
If left untreated, STDs can lead to severe health complications, such as:
Image Reference: A flowchart illustrating the transmission, symptoms, and prevention methods of common STDs.
Q 1. Veneral diseases can spread through I. Using sterile needles. II. Transfusion of blood from infected person. III. Infected mother to foetus. IV. Kissing. V. Inheritance.Choose the correct answer from the options given below; |
(a) I, II and III; |
(b) II, III and IV; |
(c) II and III; |
(d) I and III; |
Q 1. Which of the following STDs are not curable?; |
(a) Genital herpes, hepatitis-B, HIV infection; |
(b) Chlamydiasis, Syphilis, genital warts; |
(c) HIV, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis; |
(d) Gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, hepatitis-B; |
Q 1. Select the option including all sexually transmitted diseases.; |
(a) Gonorrhoea, Malaria, Genital herpes; |
(b) AIDS, Malaria, Filaria; |
(c) Cancer, AIDS, Syphilis; |
(d) Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital herpes; |
Q 1. Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases do not specifically affect reproductive organs?; |
(a) Genital warts and Hepatitis-B; |
(b) Syphilis and Genital herpes; |
(c) AIDS and Hepatitis-B; |
(d) Chlamydiasis and AIDS; |
Q 1. In which of the following techniques, the embryos are transferred to assist those females who cannot conceive?; |
(a) GIFT and ZIFT; |
(b) ICSI and ZIFT; |
(c) GIFT and ICSI; |
(d) ZIFT and IUT; |
Q 1. In case of a couple, where the male is having a very low sperm count, which technique will be suitable for fertilisation?; |
(a) Intrauterine Transfer; |
(b) Gamete Intracytoplasmic Fallopian Transfer; |
(c) Artificial Insemination; |
(d) Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection; |
Q 1. Embryo with more than 16 blastomeres formed due to in vitro fertilisation is transferred into; |
(a) uterus; |
(b) Fallopian tube; |
(c) fimbriae; |
(d) cervix; |
Q 1. A childless couple can be assisted to have a child through a technique called GIFT. The full form of this technique is; |
(a) Gamete Inseminated Fallopian Transfer; |
(b) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer; |
(c) Gamete Internal Fertilisation and Transfer; |
(d) Germ Cell Internal Fallopian Transfer; |
Q 2. GIFT is; |
(a) Embryo implantation after in vivo fertilization; |
(b) Sperm injection for in vivo fertilization; |
(c) Embryo implantation after in vitro fertilization; |
(d) Egg implantation for in vitro fertilization; |
Q 3. The technique called gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is recommended for those females:; |
(a) who cannot produce an ovum; |
(b) who cannot retain the foetus inside uterus.; |
(c) whose cervical canal is too narrow to allow passage for the sperms; |
(d) who cannot provide suitable environment for fertilisation; |
Q 1. Assisted reproductive technology, IVF involves transfer of; |
(a) ovum into the Fallopian tube; |
(b) zygote into the Fallopian tube; |
(c) zygote into the uterus; |
(d) embryo with 16 balastomeres into the Fallopian tube; |
Q 1. Artificial insemination means; |
(a) transfer of sperms of a healthy donor to a test-tube containing ova; |
(b) transfer of sperms of husband to a test-tube containing ova; |
(c) artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the vagina; |
(d) introduction of sperms of healthy donor directly into the ovaryInfertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies; |
Q 2. Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is considered safe up to how many weeks of pregnancy?; |
(d) Six weeks; |
(c) Eighteen weeks; |
(b) Twelve weeks; |
(a) Eight weeks; |
Q 3. Certain characteristic demographic features of developing countries are; |
(b) high fertility, high density rapidly rising mortality rate and a very young age distribution; |
(a) high fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid population growth and a very young age distribution; |
(c) high infant mortality, low fertility uneven population growth and a very young age distribution; |
(d) high mortality high density uneven population growth and a very old age distribution; |
Q 4. Test-tube baby means a baby born when; |
(a) the ovum is fertilised externally and there after implanted in the uterus; |
(b) it develops from a non-fertilised egg; |
(c) it is developed in a test-tube; |
(d) it is developed through tissue culture method; |
Q 5. Test-tube baby is one who; |
(d) has been developed without fertilisation; |
(a) is born out of artificial insemination; |
(b) has undergone development in a test-tube; |
(c) is born out of the technique of fertilisation in vitro; |
Q 6. In India, human population is heavily weighed towards the younger age groups as a result of; |
(d) long life span of many individuals and high birth rate; |
(c) short life span of many individuals and high birth rate; |
(b) long life span of many individuals and low birth rate; |
(a) short life span of many individuals and low birth rate; |
Q 7. Amniocentesis is a process to; |
(d) All of the above; |
(c) know about the disease of brain; |
(b) determine any hereditary disease in the embryo; |
(a) determine any disease in heart; |
Q 8. Tablets to prevent contraception contain; |
(d) Both(b) and(c); |
(c) LH; |
(b) FSH; |
(a) progesterone; |
Q 9. Progesterone, which is the most important component of oral contraceptive pils, prevents pregnancy by; |
(d) blocking ovulation; |
(c) creating unfavourable chemical environment for the sperms to survive in the famale reproductive tract; |
(b) preventing the cleavage of the fertilised egg; |
(a) preventing the formation of egg; |
Q 10. In a population, unrestricted reproductive capacity is called; |
(d) birth rate; |
(c) carrying capacity; |
(b) fertility; |
(a) biotic potential; |
Q 1. The test-tube baby programme employs which one of the following techniques?; |
(a) Intra cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI); |
(b) Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI); |
(c) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT); |
(d) Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT); |
Q 1. In vitro fertilisation is a technique that involves transfer of which one of the following into the Fallopian tube?; |
(a) Embryo only, up to 8 cell stage; |
(b) Either zygote or early embryo up to 8 cell stage; |
(c) Embryo of 32 cell stage; |
(d) Zygote only; |
Q 1. Human population growth in India; |
(a) tends to follow a sigmoid curve as in case of many other animal species; |
(b) tends to reach zero population growth as in case of some animal species; |
(c) can be reduced by permitting natural calamities and enforcing birth control measures; |
(d) can be regulated by following the National programme of family planning; |
Q 1. Which of the following is hormone-releasing IUD?; |
(a) LNG-20; |
(b) Multiload-375; |
(c) Lippes loop; |
(d) Cu-7; |
Q 2. Which of the following contraceptive methods do involve a role of hormone?; |
(a) Barrier method, Lactational amenorrhea, Pills; |
(b) Cu-T, Pills, Emergency contraceptives; |
(c) Pills, Emergency contraceptives, Barrier methods; |
(d) Lactational amenorrhea, Pills, Emergency contraceptives; |
Q 1. Reproductive health in society can be improved by – 1. Introduction of sex education in schools. 2. Increased medical assistance. 3. Awareness about contraception and STDs. 4. Equal opportunities to male and female child. 5. Ban on aminocentesis. 6. Encouraging myths and misconceptions.; |
(a) All of these; |
(b) 1, 2, 4 and 6; |
(c) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5; |
(d) 2 and 5; |
Q 1. Using which contraceptive also provides protection from contracting STDs and AIDS ?; |
(a) Diaphragms; |
(b) Spermicidal foams; |
(c) Condoms; |
(d) Lactational amenorrhoea; |
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) |
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); Hepatitis-B transmission; Genital herpes |
Syphilis transmission; Genital herpes |
AIDS and its transmission; Hepatitis-B transmission |
Zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT); Intra-uterine transfer (IUT); Gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT); Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) |
Infertility treatments |
Intra-uterine transfer (IUT) |
Gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) |
In-vitro fertilization (IVF) |
General concept of reproductive health |
In-vitro fertilization (IVF); Zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT) |
In-vitro fertilization (IVF); Zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT); Intra-uterine transfer (IUT) |
Family planning methods |
Contraceptive methods |
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); Importance of sex education |
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); AIDS and its transmission |